UPPER

7min
Overview
The UPPER() function returns a given string, an expression, or values in a column in all uppercase letters. The syntax of the function is illustrated below:
Syntax
UPPER(string)
UPPER(string)
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It accepts input as a string and returns text in uppercase letters.
💡 Special Case:
If characters in the input are not of type string, they remain unaffected by the UPPER() function.
We support Unicode for the UPPER() function.
Examples
#Case 1: Basic UPPER() function
The following basic query converts the given string in all uppercase alphabets:
Select upper
SELECT UPPER('PostGreSQL');
SELECT UPPER('PostGreSQL');
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The final output will be as follows:
Output
+-------------+
| upper       |
+-------------+
| POSTGRESQL  |
+-------------+
+-------------+
| upper       |
+-------------+
| POSTGRESQL  |
+-------------+
﻿
#Case 2: UPPER() function using columns and CONCAT() function
Let’s see how the UPPER() function works using an example with columns. We have a table named personal_details containing employee's id, first_name, last_name, and gender of a retail store:
Create a Table
CREATE TABLE personal_details (
  id int,
  first_name string,
  last_name string,
  gender string
);
INSERT INTO personal_details 
    (id, first_name, last_name, gender) 
VALUES 
    (1,'Mark','Wheeler','M'),
    (2,'Tom','Hanks','M'),
    (3,'Jane','Hopper','F'),
    (4,'Emily','Byers','F'),
    (5,'Lucas','Sinclair','M');
CREATE TABLE personal_details (
  id int,
  first_name string,
  last_name string,
  gender string
);
INSERT INTO personal_details 
    (id, first_name, last_name, gender) 
VALUES 
    (1,'Mark','Wheeler','M'),
    (2,'Tom','Hanks','M'),
    (3,'Jane','Hopper','F'),
    (4,'Emily','Byers','F'),
    (5,'Lucas','Sinclair','M');
﻿
Display the Table
SELECT * FROM personal_details;
SELECT * FROM personal_details;
﻿
The above query will show the following table:
The personal_details Table
+-----+-------------+-------------+----------+
| id  | first_name  | last_name   | gender   |
+-----+-------------+-------------+----------+
| 1   | Mark        | Wheeler     | M        |
| 2   | Tom         | Hanks       | M        |
| 3   | Jane        | Hopper      | F        |
| 4   | Emily       | Byers       | F        |
| 5   | Lucas       | Sinclair    | M        |
+-----+-------------+-------------+----------+
+-----+-------------+-------------+----------+
| id  | first_name  | last_name   | gender   |
+-----+-------------+-------------+----------+
| 1   | Mark        | Wheeler     | M        |
| 2   | Tom         | Hanks       | M        |
| 3   | Jane        | Hopper      | F        |
| 4   | Emily       | Byers       | F        |
| 5   | Lucas       | Sinclair    | M        |
+-----+-------------+-------------+----------+
﻿
Let’s assume that:
We want to convert employees' first and last names with id numbers 1, 3, and 5 to all uppercase letters.
Then, combine them using the CONCAT() function into one full_name column in uppercase.
It can be done using the following query:
Select table
SELECT CONCAT (UPPER(first_name),' ', UPPER(last_name))
as full_name
FROM personal_details
where id in (1, 3, 5);
SELECT CONCAT (UPPER(first_name),' ', UPPER(last_name))
as full_name
FROM personal_details
where id in (1, 3, 5);
﻿
The output displays the first and last names of employees with the specified ids in uppercase letters:
Output
+---------------------+
| full_name           |
+---------------------+
| MARK WHEELER        |
| JANE HOPPER         |
| LUCAS SINCLAIR      |
+---------------------+
+---------------------+
| full_name           |
+---------------------+
| MARK WHEELER        |
| JANE HOPPER         |
| LUCAS SINCLAIR      |
+---------------------+
﻿
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Updated 09 Oct 2023
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Overview
Examples
#Case 1: Basic UPPER() function
#Case 2: UPPER() function using columns and CONCAT() function